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Safety and the prevention of incidents are important aspects during the design and operation of chemical facilities. Apart from the legal obligations to reduce the chances and effects of incidents, there is an economic drive to maximize safety. Direct damage of process equipment may result in the loss of market share and a detoriation of corporate image. A first line of defence is to prevent accidents from happening. However, first line safety measures may fail and a second line of defence should be in place. This is especially the case when an increase in pressure may result in rupture of equipment with a subsequent release of hazardous materials. Emergency relief systems are very suitable in forming this second line of defence. Not only will a relief system prevent the excessive pressure, it will also prevent toxic and/or flammable chemicals from entering the environment.
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